1、重点单词1.include v.包括，包含Six students have been to Japan, including me.六个学生曾去过日本，包含我。拓展：contain 指作为组成部分被包括在内，是内容物的包含。The drink contains alcohol.这种饮料里含有酒精。include指作为整体的一部分包含进来，是范围的包含。His duty includes answering phones.他的责任包含接电话。 including +名词/代词 意思为 “包含...在内”。 名词/代词+ included 意思为 “...被包含在内”。运用：选择填空Five students, ____Tom, passed the exam the other day.A. included B. including C. contain D. contained答案：B including +名词/代词 意思为 “包含...在内”，名词/代词+ included 意思为 “...被包含在内”。Tom included 也对。 The boss has______ the broken cup in your bill.A. including B. included C. contained D. containing答案：B include指作为整体的一部分包含进来，是范围的包含。2.journey n.旅游拓展：trip , tour, travel与journey有什么区别journey主要指路地长途旅游， trip常指短距离的旅游，远足。tour常指观光、考察等的环游旅游，travel指短距离或海外旅游运用：选择填空He likes __ to France.A. journey B. traveling C. tour D. trip答案：B like to do/doing sth3. power n.1) 权,政权;权力;权势 2) 职权;权限[C][U][+to-v]The president has the power to vote down bills.总统有权否决议案。3) 能力,本领 She lost her power of speech.她失去了说话的能力。4)力;动力,电力The shortage of power dimmed the streets.因为电力不足,街道昏暗。5) 有权力的人;有影响的机构;强国,大国The world powers will meet in Paris this summer.今夏世界上的大国将在巴黎聚会。拓展：powerful adj. 有影响力的，权力大的 powerfully adv.有势力地 come into power 上台、执政 the power to do sth =the power of doing sth 做……的能力类似使用方法的词还有way, chance等。 out of/beyond one's power 某人不可以胜任的;能力所不及 in power 执政，当权 have power over sb. 能支配某人运用：选择填空When Hitler came into___, he found the doors of the study closed to him.A. light B. power C. office D. being答案：B come into power 上台、执政。4.accept v.同意、应允、收受 答应拓展：accept强调自愿主动地同意，receive强调被动同意 或收到accept作及物动词，还表示承认,相信 ,接纳。Mary received a gift from a friend of hers, but she didn't accept it.I can't accept my new boss.运用：选择填空He did____ the gift, but he didn’t____ it.A. accept; receive B. receive; acceptC. accepted; receive. D. receive; accepted答案： D accept强调自愿主动地同意，receive强调被动同意 或收到。5.decorate vt装饰;布置He decorated the room with flowers.他用鲜花装饰了那间房屋。拓展：decorate sth with sth 用某物装点某物decoration n 装修，装装饰品运用： 翻译他为了给我装修房间买了很多装装饰品给我。答案： He bought me a lot of decorations to decorate my rooms.6.darkness 黑暗The whole country was in thick darkness when the war broke out.当战争爆发时，整个国家都笼罩在深深的黑暗中。拓展：darkness与dark有什么区别，darkness常指一时的黑暗。dark表示常常的黑暗或长期的黑暗，用时需加the。Keep sb in the dark 为某人保密Keep sth in the dark 暗中做事运用：选择填空lt was ________before we got there.A. lights B. moon C. bright D. dark答案： D dark表示常常的黑暗或长期的黑暗。7. occasion n.1) 场所,时刻;重大活动,盛典[C]2) 机会,机会I seized the occasion to invite her home for dinner.我抓住机会邀请她回家吃饭。3)起因,近因 His departure was the occasion of much sadness.他的离别是让人十分悲伤的起因。4) 理由;需要[U] He has no occasion to buy another bike.他没必要再买一辆自行车。拓展：occasion vt.引起;惹起Li Ming rude behavior occasioned a quarrel.李明的粗鲁行为引起了一场争吵。与occasion搭配的有关词组:by occasion of 因为,由于;on occasion 偶尔,间或,有时;on the occasion of 在…之际;on this occasion 这一次on one occasion 过去，有一个时候运用：完成句子 因为粗心她没通过考试。He failed the exam ____ occasion ___ his carelessness.答案： by; of 你没理由卖掉这房屋。You have no occasion ___ ___ the house.答案：to; sell8. contribute v.拓展：捐献，贡献，增加The terrible weather contributed to our difficulty .恶劣的天气增加好友们的困难。向……投稿Li Lei often contributes to the magazine.李雷常常给杂志投稿。contribution n.贡献，常用词组 make a contribution /contributions to为……做贡献They made great contributions to their motherland.他为他的祖国作出了非常大的贡献。运用：选择填空The rich man _________much money ___his hometown.A.contributed; to B.contribute; to C.contibuted to; to D.contributes to; on答案：A contribute ...to... 有“捐献，贡献，增加,向……投稿”之意。9. destroy vt.1) 毁坏,破坏A fire destroyed the house.一场火毁坏了那座房子。2) 杀死,消灭3)打破;使失败What she said destroyed his last hope.她说的话摧毁了他最后的期望。拓展：damage ,ruin ,destroy 的hurt不同damage,destroy,ruin主要用于无生命的事物，而hurt主要用于有生命的人或动物。damage 一般表示事物的价值或功能部分受损。如：The ship was damaged in the bottom.那条船的底部被损毁。destroy,ruin均表示事物全部被毁。如：They destroy all of the two enemy warships他们把2艘敌舰全部歼灭。hurt 有适用范围较广，可指人或动物因各种缘由致使的疼痛或损伤。如：Children are liable to get hurt when they play.孩子们在玩耍时易受伤。运用：翻译下列句子In crowded populations, poverty destroys the possibility of cleanliness.答案： 在人口拥挤的地方，贫困使清洗毫无可能。Too much money destroys as surely as too little.答案：过多的钱和过少的钱一样会带来破坏用途。The floods did a lot of damage to the crops.答案：洪水使庄稼遭到了非常大损失。10. serve vt.1) 为...服务;为...服役serve the people 为人民服务2) 提供 3) 伺候;提供;端上 The girl served me a cup of coffee.那女生给我端上一杯咖啡。4)任;服;当 She served two years in prison.他坐过八年牢。5)合适;对...有用;供...用[+to-v]My old bike serves me very well.我那辆旧自行车对我非常有用。拓展：serve vi.1)服务;服役;供职;帮佣 His father served in the navy during the FirstWorld War.他的爸爸在首次世界大战期间在海军服役。2)招待,伺候;上酒,端菜Ann is serving at the table.安在伺候进餐。3)适用;有用;足够 A simple example will serve to prove my point.一个简单的例子可以证明我的这一点。运用：翻译下列句子需要教育孩子长大后为国家服务。答案：Children must be educated to serve their country when they grow up.他的爸爸坐过几年牢。答案：His father served several years as a prisoner.11. sticky adj.粘的;涂有粘胶物质的;泥泞的My son’s fingers are sticky with jam.他的手沾了酱,粘糊糊的。拓展：sticky 当形容词还有：1)湿热的The climate there is sticky.那里的气候湿热。2)棘手的,麻烦的The man put her a sticky position.那个男的将她置于一个困难的境地。3) 过于多情的,易感伤的4) 不灵活的,易卡住的5) sticky finger可以原来形容爱小偷小摸的人Tom has sticky fingers运用：翻译下列句子那位爱小偷小摸的人很喜欢吃糯米，由于他喜欢吃粘性食物。答案：The man who has sticky fingers likes sticky rice, because he likes sticky food.2、重点词组1.drive away 赶走、驱赶He drove the dog away.他赶走了那条狗。drive vt.1) 驾驶I don't know how to drive a car.我不会开车。2) 用车送I'll drive you to the airport.我将会开车送你去机场。3) 驱赶,赶走He drove the sheep down the hill.他把羊群往山下赶。4)驱动The machine is driven by electricity.这机器用电力驱动。5) 迫使;逼迫They drove her to admit it.他们逼迫她承认。拓展： drive off 驱逐，击退We drove off the enemies.大家击退了敌人。 drive sb mad 把某人逼疯了Don't drive me mad. 别把我逼疯了。运用：选择填空The difficulty___ her mad.A. makes B. drove C. lets D. goes答案：B drive sb mad 意思是“ 把某人逼疯了”。2.take part in 参与，参加Many students take part in our sports meeting every year.每年都有很多学生参加运动会。拓展:take part in,join in 与 join有什么区别: take part in意为“参加”，指参加群众性的活动，侧重于成为活动的主体，有时可以与join in互换，但表示“参加会议”时多用take part in，take part in 后面不带宾语时则不需要in。 join in 意为“加入”，“参与某种活动”，后接名词或动词-ing形式，join sb in sth意为“参加某人的活动”，join in多指参加正在进行的活动，也可单独用，即 join sb。 join 指加入某一个团队或组织而成为其中的一员。运用：选择填空Will you___us ___her birthday?A.join; in celebrating B. join in; celebratingC. take part in; celebrating D. join; to celebrate答案：A join sb in sth意为“参加某人的活动”。3.put out v.扑灭Please put out fire.请把火扑灭。put out 还有以下几种意思：1) 伸出It's dangerous to put out your hand now.目前你把手伸出去是危险的。2) 熄灭Put out the fire before going to bed.睡觉之前先熄掉炉火。3) 出版put out 与 go out 表示“熄灭”有什么区别：put out 使火熄灭I put out the fire.我扑灭了火。go out熄灭The fire has gone out.火自己熄灭了。拓展： put aside 忽略，不理会 put through 完成，使成功 put away把...放回原处，攒钱 put up 表现，提出 put down 降落，着陆 put off 推迟运用：选择填空The sports meeting must be____ because of the bad weather.A. put off B. put C. put aside D. put on答案：A put off 推迟 ，put aside 忽略，不理会 。3、重点句型1.be said to+v 据了解拓展： be said to be/do 据了解做某事如： The book is said to be good.据了解这是一本好书。 be said to be doing 据了解正在做某事如： She is said to be working on a new novel. 据了解她正在写一本新小说。 be said to have done 据了解已经做了某事如：She is said to have written 3 novels.据了解她已经写了三本小说。运用：翻译下列句子据了解他是班里为勤奋的学生。答案：He is said to be the most hard-working in his class.据了解她正在日本学习。答案： She is said to be studying in Japan.据了解他已写了三本小说。答案： He is said to have written three novels.2.while 当……时，在……时候I was doing my homework while my mother was cooking.当我在做作业时，母亲在做饭。拓展：有不少意思，可以用在很多从句中。 当……时，在……时候，和……同时，引导时间状语从句。如： His sister was watching TV while Tom was doing his homework.当汤姆正在做作业时，他姐姐正在看电视。 只须，引导条件状语从句。如： I will go with you while he helps me.只须他将帮我，我就将和你一块去。 虽然，尽管， 引导让步状语从句。如： While he has many shortcomings, she still loves him.尽管他有很多缺点，但她依旧爱他。 表对此关系。如： Kate likes music while her twin sister likes sports.运用：翻译下列句子 他在看书时睡着了。答案： He fell asleep while reading.有生命就有期望。答案： While there is life ,there is hope.有尽管他昨天病了，但他还是去帮她了。答案：While he was ill yesterday he went to help her.我喜欢数学，而我的兄弟却喜欢英语。答案：I like math while my brother likes English.4、长句辩析1. Traditional moon cakes are usually made with....拓展：1)be made with 表示构成某一物品的主要原材料。The cake is made with flour.蛋糕主如果由面粉做成的。2)be made of 和be made from 都有“由原材料制成”但后者表示某一物品由某材料制成后，原材料已看不出。运用：翻译下列句子有些鞋子是用布做的。答案：Some shoes are made of cloth.纸是由木材做成的。答案：The paper is made from wood.木材能被制成纸。答案：Wood can be made into paper.2. in the past, lanterns....拓展：light的过去式和过去分词同分别是lit/lit 和lighted/lighted.作谓语时，两者都可用，但做定语时只可以用lighted。如：He lighted/lit the candle 他点燃了蜡烛。be decorated with 布置，装饰有The hall is decoraterd with flowers大厅里布置上了鲜花。运用：改错This is a lit cigarette.答案：lit改为lighted